Selection on the timing of migration and breeding: A neglected aspect of fishing‐induced evolution and trait change          下载免费PDF全文

Michael D Tillotson  Thomas P Quinn 《Fish and Fisheries》2018,19(1):170-181

Fishing can drive changes in important phenotypic traits through plastic and evolutionary pathways. Size‐selective harvest is a primary driver of such trait change, has received much attention in the literature and is now commonly considered in fisheries management. The potential for selection on behavioural traits has received less study, but mounting evidence suggests that aggression, foraging behaviour and linked traits can also be affected by fishing. An important phenomenon that has received much less attention is selection on reproductive phenology (i.e., the timing of breeding). The potential for this type of “temporal selection” is widespread because there is often substantial variability in reproductive phenology within fish populations, and fisheries management strategies or fishermen's behaviours can cause fishing effort to vary greatly over time. For example, seasonal closures may expose only early or late breeding individuals to harvest as observed in a range of marine and freshwater fisheries. Such selection may induce evolutionary responses in phenological traits, but can also have demographic impacts such as shortened breeding seasons and reduced phenotypic diversity. These changes can in turn influence productivity, reduce the efficacy of management, exacerbate ongoing climate‐driven changes in phenology and reduce resilience to environmental change. In this essay, we describe how fisheries management can cause temporal variability in harvest, and describe the types of selection on temporal traits that can result. We then summarize the likely biological consequences of temporally selective fishing on populations and population complexes and conclude by identifying areas for future research.  相似文献   

Influence of soil properties and soil moisture on the efficacy of indaziflam and flumioxazin on Kochia scoparia L.          下载免费PDF全文

Derek J Sebastian  Scott J Nissen  Phil Westra  Dale L Shaner  Greg Butters 《Pest management science》2017,73(2):444-451

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International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine Consensus Guidelines for On-Site Management and Transport of Patients in Canyoning Incidents     

Giacomo Strapazzon  Oliver Reisten  Fabien Argenone  Ken Zafren  Greg Zen-Ruffinen  Gordon L. Larsen  Inigo Soteras 《The Forestry Chronicle》2018,29(2):252-265

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Description of the larval morphology of captive reared Panulirus ornatus spiny lobsters, benchmarked against wild-caught specimens     

Greg Smith  Matt Salmon  Matt Kenway  Michael Hall 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,295(1-2):76-88

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KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR LAND DEGRADATION MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY THINKING     

M. S. Reed  I. Fazey  L. C. Stringer  C. M. Raymond  M. Akhtar‐Schuster  G. Begni  H. Bigas  S. Brehm  J. Briggs  R. Bryce  S. Buckmaster  R. Chanda  J. Davies  E. Diez  W. Essahli  A. Evely  N. Geeson  I. Hartmann  J. Holden  K. Hubacek  A. A. R. Ioris  B. Kruger  P. Laureano  J. Phillipson  C. Prell  C. H. Quinn  A. D. Reeves  M. Seely  R. Thomas  M. J. van der Werff Ten Bosch  P. Vergunst  L. Wagner 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2013,24(4):307-322

It is increasingly recognised that land degradation monitoring and assessment can benefit from incorporating multiple sources of knowledge, using a variety of methods at different scales, including the perspectives of researchers, land managers and other stakeholders. However, the knowledge and methods required to achieve this are often dispersed across individuals and organisations at different levels and locations. Appropriate knowledge management mechanisms are therefore required to more efficiently harness these different sources of knowledge and facilitate their broader dissemination and application. This paper examines what knowledge is, how it is generated and explores how it may be stored, transferred and exchanged between knowledge producers and users before it is applied to monitor and assess land degradation at the local scale. It suggests that knowledge management can also benefit from the development of mechanisms that promote changes in understanding and efficient means of accessing and/or brokering knowledge. Broadly, these processes for knowledge management can (i) help identify and share good practices and build capacity for land degradation monitoring at different scales and in different contexts and (ii) create knowledge networks to share lessons learned and monitoring data among and between different stakeholders, scales and locations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Don't go breaking apart: Anthropogenic disturbances predict meadow fragmentation of an endangered seagrass     

Daniel S. Swadling  Greg J. West  Peter T. Gibson  Roger J. Laird  Tim M. Glasby 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2023,33(1):56-69

1. Although it is well established that human activities are linked to the loss of seagrasses worldwide, the influence of anthropogenic disturbances on the habitat fragmentation of seagrass meadows is less understood. This information is essential to identify how humans are modifying seascapes and what disturbances pose the greatest risk to seagrasses, which is pertinent given the rapid urbanization occurring in coastal areas.
2. This study examined how the habitat fragmentation of an endangered seagrass Posidonia australis varied in relation to several anthropogenic disturbances (i.e. human population, marine infrastructure, terrestrial run-off and catchment land-usage) within 10 estuaries across 620 km of coastline in New South Wales, Australia.
3. When comparing between estuaries, the fragmentation of P. australis meadows was significantly greater in estuaries adjacent to highly populated metropolitan centres – generally in the Greater Sydney region. At sites within estuaries, the density of boat moorings was the most important predictor of habitat fragmentation, but there was also evidence of higher fragmentation with increased numbers of jetties and oyster aquaculture leases.
4. These results suggest that the fragmentation of seagrass meadows will become more pervasive as the human population continues to grow and estuarine development increases. Strategies to mitigate anthropogenic disturbances on seagrass meadow fragmentation could include prohibiting the construction of boat moorings and other artificial structures in areas where seagrasses are present or promoting environmentally friendly designs for marine infrastructure. This knowledge will support ongoing management actions attempting to balance coastal development and the conservation of seagrasses.

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